Please see http://www.vidarholen.net/contents/linuxtips/
for some linux problems and solutions. For brief excrept see below
Problem: Network interface (or anything else on the pci bus) says "SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable" Cause: No IRQ assigned to the device, check /proc/pci (irq says 0) Solution: Enter the bios setup (F1 or Del on boot), disable the option 'Plug n Play OS'. Reason: This will make your bios set up IRQs for you.
Problem: USB mouse using /dev/psaux, the ps/2 mouse device. Cause: Bios usb legacy support in action, probably because Linux didn't probe for USB devices (which causes the bios to release control of them). Solution: Compile the kernel with USB support, Input Core and USB HID. Reason: Duh.
Problem: USB mouse still doesn't work on /dev/input/mice, but /dev/psaux, even when USB support is compiled in. Cause: Legacy USB support again. You might not have compiled in support for your USB chipset (the UHCI parts in USB support). Solution: Compile UHCI. If not working, try the alternate drivers. Reason: Duh.
Problem: Accidentally cat'ing a binary file causes the all the characters you type next to show up as odd symbols. Cause: The binary file contained a 016 (so, Shift Out) character. Solution: Print a 017 (Shift In) character. You can use echo -ne "\\017" to do this. Even better, make it a shell script called 'fix' for easy access. Reason: Shift Out is canceled by a Shift In.
Problem: You scanned an ext3 file system with fsck.ext2/e2fsck, and now you can't boot. Cause: fsck.ext2 deleted the journaling inode, essentially making it an ext2 fs. Solution: Either use tune2fs -j device to add the journal node again, or use [c]fdisk to set the partition type to ext2 instead of ext3. Reason: tune2fs -j will fix the fs back to ext3 journaling mode, cfdisk will have the system use it as unjournaled ext2.
Problem: Some program (especially older ones like RealPlayer, and other multimedia tools/players) hangs when loading, or give a message like "Can't open audio device /dev/dsp: Resource temporarily unavailable." or "No Sound" Cause: Trying to open /dev/dsp (the sound device), but it's busy already taken so the program waits or fails. Solution: Kill whatever might be hogging it, like artsd. You can find the specific PID using fuser /dev/dsp. Reason: The app will now have exclusive sound access, and will load without waiting for the device to be free.
Problem: Lilo doesn't boot your new kernel, giving you odd boot signature messages. Cause: It can't find the 0xAA55 byte at the end of the boot sector, probably because you didn't run 'lilo' after updating lilo.conf or replacing the kernel file. Solution: Run lilo. Get a rescue floppy if needed. Reason: Lilo will now store the correct abs disk location for the kernels.
Problem: The localhost loopback address 127.0.0.1 doesn't work, and so some servers stop functioning and you can only connect to yourself through your lan address. Cause: The lo interface might not be configured right. Solution: Run "ifconfig lo up 127.0.0.1" Reason: The loopback interface should now be up and configured with the standard loopback address.
Problem: CUPS printer claim to be ready, but is turned off when you start a job, and deletes the job when you start the printer. Cause: You've upset the manual gods. Solution: Curse, read the manual, delete all the cups files, read the manual, download and compile cups, read the manual, try again. Reason: The manual gods will be happy with your sacrifice and will allow you to print (worked for me atleast :)
i am facing the problam regarding the linux RED HAT LINUX 4.0 server is not printing on LPT port is add aditional .server make is WIPRO NETPOWER. customer is LIC DO aligarh.
sir give me solution regarding the problam.as per as soon
Problem: Boot Loader eror in new linux installation with mirroring. system says "disk boot failure" or "no boot loader" or "grub error".
Cause: Boot Loader does not work properly in mirror partiton or in RAID Partiton.
Solution: Just create one diffrent partiton of 100 MB with mount point "/boot" & "ext3 File system" and dont make this partiton part of RAID or mirroring. now you have solved ur problem
On a Linux system, loadable device drivers, or kernel modules, are highly dependent on the version of kernel that they support. Generally, when a new kernel is made available by a Linux distribution, new kernel modules are provided at the same time to match this new kernel version. In some cases, there may be a need to use a device driver not provided by the distribution, either the hardware is not yet officially supported, or a specific version is needed. In such cases, it is often the case that one needs to build new device drivers from source or be provided kernel modules that match one's kernel.
This README is part of a tarball, also referred to as a FixID, which contains a set of device drivers (packaged as RPMs), along with some scripts and tools used to help install these RPM packaged device drivers: 2.2 Requirements
You need to have Perl, rpm-build, and rpm-lib installed to use the installation script and its helper 'driver tool'. These are likely already installed, but if not, they can be found on the installation media for your Linux distribution.
2.3 Inside the FixID
At the top level of the FixID is an install.sh script. By default, running this script will install the latest version of ibm-driver-tools. It will then run the driver tool and determine whether or not to install the binary RPM included in the FixID into the currently running kernel.
The flavor of the kernel distinguishes a kernel by certain capabilities. For example, you can find uniprocessor, multiprocessor, and extended memory kernel flavors. A kernel module must be built or provided for each flavor of kernel one wishes to run.
If the driver tool determines that there is no driver already supplied by the OS vendor and that a version of the driver that is compatible with the current kernel version and flavor is present in the fixid, it will install the device driver. By default, the driver tool will not install a new driver over a driver already provided by the OS vendor. However, one can override this behavior by manually passing options to the script. Additionally, there are options for targeting a kernel version or flavor besides the currently running one.
Also included in the FixID are source RPMs for building device driver RPMs. Building binary RPMs will target the currently running kernel version and flavor for 2.6 based OSs (i.e., RHEL4, SLES9 and SLES10). Inside the source RPM's .spec file are comments on how to target additional kernels. 2.4 based OSs require additional setup before binary RPMs can be built (documentation is included with the FixID).
2.4 How it all works
The Linux kernel exports an interface (kernel application binary interface, or kABI) for device drivers to use to communicate with the kernel. If the interface changes, a newly recompiled version of the device driver will be necessary. In a typical security update (and sometimes in a non-security update), these interfaces do not change. The ibm-driver-tool scripts analyze whether a change has occurred. If no change has occurred, itwill generate a new RPM (using the old binary device drivers) specifically for the newer kernel, and install it. The resulting binary can be found in the filesystem wherever the specific OS vendor's RPM directories exist (Red Hat uses /usr/src/redhat/RPMS and SuSE uses /usr/src/packages).
The binary RPMs install their files into the '/updates' directory under the appropriate kernel module directory (i.e., /lib/modules/2.6.12-21.ELsmp/updates).
If the RPM is for a storage device driver, then the RPM will generate a new initrd (initial ramdisk) containing the new device driver, and will add a new entry into the GRUB boot menu which uses the new initrd. Uninstalling the RPM undoes these actions.
When you boot a system, this is an error that will halt the system. This error means that the kernel can't mount the root file system, so it can't get all of its configuration files. There are a few cases where this happens: · No IDE support in the kernel. If your main hard drive is an IDE, and you have recompiled without including "Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support" or some other basic IDE device drivers. · File system not supported. Usually the root file system should be of type ext2. You need to make sure that ext2 is compiled in the kernel, and not as a module because you can't load modules without first mounting the root file system. · The drive is not ready. If you have removed the drive, the hard disk died or the BIOS didn't detect the device for some reason, then the kernel won't be able to mount it. 100 Linux Tips and Tricks 42
Kinadally attesnssion Kamal Sir, There is an error massege in SuSE 9.1 server installed at CBI i.e "Authontication fail" while shuting down of Server and server not getting shutdown properly. I have alredy tried to repaire it by using "Linux rescue" command but again same problem persists.
The iostat will display the current CPU load average and disk I/O information. This is a great command to monitor your disk I/O usage. # iostat Linux 2.4.20-24.9 (myhost) 12/23/2003
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn dev3-0 2.22 15.20 47.16 1546846 4799520 For 2.4 kernels the devices is names using the device's major and minor number. In this case the device listed is /dev/hda. To have iostat print this out for you, use the -x. # iostat -x Linux 2.4.20-24.9 (myhost) 12/23/2003
It looks like bios battery problem. Firstly you have to change the bios battery on motherboard.
IF the problem still there after changing battery run the follwoing command carefully:-
to change the system time your have to give following command : #date 07142157 in this command first 2 digit is for date 3 & 4 digit for date 5 & 6 for minute 7 & 8 for seconds
it will shows like this: Sun Jul 14 21:57:00 EET DST 2007
For more detail read the following :
In suse Linux, the system time zone is determined by the symbolic link /etc/localtime. This link points to a time zone data file that describes the local time zone. The time zone data files are located at either /usr/lib/zoneinfo or /usr/share/zoneinfo depending on what distribution of Linux you use. For example, on a SuSE system located in New Jersey the /etc/localtime link would point to /usr/share/zoneinfo/US/Eastern. On a Debian system the /etc/localtime link would point to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/US/Eastern. If you fail to find the zoneinfo directory in either the /usr/lib or /usr/share directories, either do a find /usr -print | grep zoneinfo or consult your distribution's documentation. What happens when you have a users located in a different timezone? A user can change his private time zone by setting the TZ environment variable. If it is unset, the system time zone is assumed. The syntax of the TZ variable is described in the tzset manual page. The date command shows the current date and time. For example: $ date Sun Jul 14 21:53:41 EET DST 1996 $
That time is Sunday, 14th of July, 1996, at about ten before ten at the evening, in the time zone called ``EET DST'' (which might be East European Daylight Savings Time). date can also show the universal time: $ date -u Sun Jul 14 18:53:42 UTC 1996 $
date is also used to set the kernel's software clock: # date 07142157 Sun Jul 14 21:57:00 EET DST 1996 # date Sun Jul 14 21:57:02 EET DST 1996 #
2...Grub file location on suse linux:
The actual configuration of GRUB is based on three files that are described below:
/boot/grub/menu.lst This file contains all information about partitions or operating systems that can be booted with GRUB. Without this information, the system control cannot be passed to the operating system.
/boot/grub/device.map This file translates device names from the GRUB and BIOS notation to Linux device names.
/etc/grub.conf This file contains the parameters and options the GRUB shell needs for installing the boot loader correctly.
The file is called menu.lst. It is editable with any text editor. It is located in the /boot/grub/ directory. I would not edit this file directly unless you have really read a lot of documentation on how to boot with GRUB, because editing it is somewhat tricky. However, in SUSE 10.2 you can also edit this file more easily and effectively with YaST by going to System>Boot Loader in the menu. You can change the default to Windows if you like, and change to default time out from 30 seconds to 999 seconds if you like (in case it boots into the wrong operating system before you get to the keyboard). However, in my experience, the installation Repair tool on the SUSE 10.2 DVD does not work with GRUB (all previous versions did). If you lose GRUB in the MBR, you will have to repair it from the command-line
Sir We have another Lipi 6306 printer in which problem is like when ever we give print from IBM server (red hat 8.0) then it prints mixed alphabets and when we take printing on any DMP(TVSE MSP 355 or MSP 255) then printing is ok from same server using same LP cable.
on the other hand if we take printing from other PC on the same line printer then printing is ok.
So is this some OS problem or Line printer problem ?
Sir I am facing another problem when i install red hat 8.0 on Acer PC then on starting startx then all display is fine but when i open mozila browser then it is shown graphically distored and menus and address bar cant be seen.
I even tried to switch KDE also then also same problem,I even tried installing OS again also but same problem.
And in LIC on suse linux when they open thier intranet sites then in suse 9.0 hindi fonts are not visible. So by using opera this problem can be solved.
Sir I have recd. HCL server GLobaline for AMRITSAR 1 branch from TSG and it have pre installed red hat 8 and when i tried to configure NFS, I got the problem, I copied /etc/eports from previous backup and then give command /usr/sbin/exportfs -av
But it jus hangs and dont exports. Please provide solution.
As SLR 7 of server also not working and backup of branch is very difficult.
you make entries in export file on server side: name_of_the_directory_to_be_mounted give space *(ro,sync,root_squash)
after making entries make sure that the follwing services are running by using chkconfig service_name --list command: 1-portmap 2-nfslock 3-nfs then check rpc service are running by using rpcinfo -p command if all are running then run command: service nfs restart
after that run exportfs command to export directories.
client side run command
mount -t nfs server_ip:/dir.name mount_point(where you want to mount ) and take care about don't make entries of subdirectories of a directory which is all-ready mounted.
Hi, Problem Facing when taking backup in Linux this problem is facing by our engineer Mr. Azad at LIC kernal branch.There was error coming when taking backup and after running backup approx. 5-10 minutes, backup is stopped with error of 10262 K byte limit,however size of SLR is 20/40GB. After diagnostics, found SCSI cable is faulty. So be careful when u find error as above. Thanks
Dear All FTP server connection error At Central Bank of India(CBI)ZO, bhopal. problem is found by our engineer at bhopal branch after installing the mail software at CBI, connection is failed for FTP. I dignosed That the user permissions changed by the software, after giving permissions to the users it is working fine.
Dear All, Engineers posted at LIC are facing a frequent problem in Linux Server after migration from RHL8.0 to RHEL4.0. The error is:- CPU 0:The Temperature is above threshhold CPU 0 : running on modulated clock mode
Solution
Do cleaning of CPU fans, heatsinks, and check for all fan in server working porperly and temperature of server room. This is only reason for this problem.
As problem found in IBM server at LIC ajmer branch.
When installing linux OS in Servers, all engineers must care about, if there is hanging problem during installation you disable onboard LAN,SCSI one by one and check which device is faulty.
37 Comments:
Please see
http://www.vidarholen.net/contents/linuxtips/
for some linux problems and solutions. For brief excrept see below
Problem:
Network interface (or anything else on the pci bus) says "SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable"
Cause:
No IRQ assigned to the device, check /proc/pci (irq says 0)
Solution:
Enter the bios setup (F1 or Del on boot), disable the option 'Plug n Play OS'.
Reason:
This will make your bios set up IRQs for you.
Problem:
USB mouse using /dev/psaux, the ps/2 mouse device.
Cause:
Bios usb legacy support in action, probably because Linux didn't probe for USB devices (which causes the bios to release control of them).
Solution:
Compile the kernel with USB support, Input Core and USB HID.
Reason:
Duh.
Problem:
USB mouse still doesn't work on /dev/input/mice, but /dev/psaux, even when USB support is compiled in.
Cause:
Legacy USB support again. You might not have compiled in support for your USB chipset (the UHCI parts in USB support).
Solution:
Compile UHCI. If not working, try the alternate drivers.
Reason:
Duh.
Problem:
Accidentally cat'ing a binary file causes the all the characters you type next to show up as odd symbols.
Cause:
The binary file contained a 016 (so, Shift Out) character.
Solution:
Print a 017 (Shift In) character. You can use echo -ne "\\017" to do this. Even better, make it a shell script called 'fix' for easy access.
Reason:
Shift Out is canceled by a Shift In.
Problem:
You scanned an ext3 file system with fsck.ext2/e2fsck, and now you can't boot.
Cause:
fsck.ext2 deleted the journaling inode, essentially making it an ext2 fs.
Solution:
Either use tune2fs -j device to add the journal node again, or use [c]fdisk to set the partition type to ext2 instead of ext3.
Reason:
tune2fs -j will fix the fs back to ext3 journaling mode, cfdisk will have the system use it as unjournaled ext2.
Problem:
Some program (especially older ones like RealPlayer, and other multimedia tools/players) hangs when loading, or give a message like "Can't open audio device /dev/dsp: Resource temporarily unavailable." or "No Sound"
Cause:
Trying to open /dev/dsp (the sound device), but it's busy already taken so the program waits or fails.
Solution:
Kill whatever might be hogging it, like artsd. You can find the specific PID using fuser /dev/dsp.
Reason:
The app will now have exclusive sound access, and will load without waiting for the device to be free.
Problem:
Lilo doesn't boot your new kernel, giving you odd boot signature messages.
Cause:
It can't find the 0xAA55 byte at the end of the boot sector, probably because you didn't run 'lilo' after updating lilo.conf or replacing the kernel file.
Solution:
Run lilo. Get a rescue floppy if needed.
Reason:
Lilo will now store the correct abs disk location for the kernels.
Problem:
The localhost loopback address 127.0.0.1 doesn't work, and so some servers stop functioning and you can only connect to yourself through your lan address.
Cause:
The lo interface might not be configured right.
Solution:
Run "ifconfig lo up 127.0.0.1"
Reason:
The loopback interface should now be up and configured with the standard loopback address.
Problem:
CUPS printer claim to be ready, but is turned off when you start a job, and deletes the job when you start the printer.
Cause:
You've upset the manual gods.
Solution:
Curse, read the manual, delete all the cups files, read the manual, download and compile cups, read the manual, try again.
Reason:
The manual gods will be happy with your sacrifice and will allow you to print (worked for me atleast :)
Dear All,
For LIC Manuals Kindly go to following link
http://www.esnips.com/web/sysnet-LIC/
Thanks,
Rajnish
dear rajnish sir ,
i am facing the problam regarding the linux RED HAT LINUX 4.0 server is not printing on LPT port is add aditional .server make is WIPRO NETPOWER.
customer is LIC DO aligarh.
sir give me solution regarding the problam.as per as soon
vikas srivastava
sysnet agra
9319007335
Problem:
Boot Loader eror in new linux installation with mirroring. system says "disk boot failure" or "no boot loader" or "grub error".
Cause:
Boot Loader does not work properly in mirror partiton or in RAID Partiton.
Solution:
Just create one diffrent partiton of 100 MB with mount point "/boot" & "ext3 File system" and dont make this partiton part of RAID or mirroring. now you have solved ur problem
And Allways install ur boot loader in "/boot" partiton
Dear Vikash,
Pls view the following link
http://www.esnips.com/web/sysnet-LIC?docsPage=1#files
Thanks,
Rajnish
How to install scanner in Linux
Hi,
Please let me know the following informations for the same
1.kernel/OS version
2.Scanner make & model.
Scanner installtion on linux:
Please see the following link....
http://www.esnips.com/webfolder/4d83eed9-8aec-401f-8211-23c027885a59
Devices driver installtion on linux:
On a Linux system, loadable device drivers, or kernel modules, are highly dependent on the
version of kernel that they support. Generally, when a new kernel is made available by a Linux
distribution, new kernel modules are provided at the same time to match this new kernel version.
In some cases, there may be a need to use a device driver not provided by the distribution,
either the hardware is not yet officially supported, or a specific version is needed. In such
cases, it is often the case that one needs to build new device drivers from source or be
provided kernel modules that match one's kernel.
This README is part of a tarball, also referred to as a FixID, which contains a set of device
drivers (packaged as RPMs), along with some scripts and tools used to help install these RPM
packaged device drivers:
2.2 Requirements
You need to have Perl, rpm-build, and rpm-lib installed to use the installation script and its
helper 'driver tool'. These are likely already installed, but if not, they can be found on the
installation media for your Linux distribution.
2.3 Inside the FixID
At the top level of the FixID is an install.sh script. By default, running this script will
install the latest version of ibm-driver-tools. It will then run the driver tool and determine
whether or not to install the binary RPM included in the FixID into the currently running
kernel.
The flavor of the kernel distinguishes a kernel by certain capabilities. For example, you can
find uniprocessor, multiprocessor, and extended memory kernel flavors. A kernel module must be
built or provided for each flavor of kernel one wishes to run.
If the driver tool determines that there is no driver already supplied by the OS vendor and that
a version of the driver that is compatible with the current kernel version and flavor is present
in the fixid, it will install the device driver. By default, the driver tool will not install a
new driver over a driver already provided by the OS vendor. However, one can override this
behavior by manually passing options to the script. Additionally, there are options for
targeting a kernel version or flavor besides the currently running one.
Also included in the FixID are source RPMs for building device driver RPMs. Building binary
RPMs will target the currently running kernel version and flavor for 2.6 based OSs (i.e., RHEL4,
SLES9 and SLES10). Inside the source RPM's .spec file are comments on how to target additional
kernels. 2.4 based OSs require additional setup before binary RPMs can be built (documentation
is included with the FixID).
2.4 How it all works
The Linux kernel exports an interface (kernel application binary interface, or kABI) for device
drivers to use to communicate with the kernel. If the interface changes, a newly recompiled
version of the device driver will be necessary. In a typical security update (and sometimes
in a non-security update), these interfaces do not change. The ibm-driver-tool scripts analyze
whether a change has occurred. If no change has occurred, itwill generate a new RPM (using the
old binary device drivers) specifically for the newer kernel, and install it. The resulting
binary can be found in the filesystem wherever the specific OS vendor's RPM directories exist
(Red Hat uses /usr/src/redhat/RPMS and SuSE uses /usr/src/packages).
The binary RPMs install their files into the '/updates' directory under the appropriate kernel
module directory (i.e., /lib/modules/2.6.12-21.ELsmp/updates).
If the RPM is for a storage device driver, then the RPM will generate a new initrd (initial
ramdisk) containing the new device driver, and will add a new entry into the GRUB boot menu
which uses the new initrd. Uninstalling the RPM undoes these actions.
Can't mount root fs
When you boot a system, this is an error that will halt the system. This error means that the kernel can't
mount the root file system, so it can't get all of its configuration files.
There are a few cases where this happens:
· No IDE support in the kernel. If your main hard drive is an IDE, and you have recompiled
without including "Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support" or some other
basic IDE device drivers.
· File system not supported. Usually the root file system should be of type ext2. You need to
make sure that ext2 is compiled in the kernel, and not as a module because you can't load
modules without first mounting the root file system.
· The drive is not ready. If you have removed the drive, the hard disk died or the BIOS didn't
detect the device for some reason, then the kernel won't be able to mount it.
100 Linux Tips and Tricks
42
Kinadally attesnssion Kamal Sir,
There is an error massege in SuSE 9.1 server installed at CBI i.e "Authontication fail" while shuting down of Server and server not getting shutdown properly. I have alredy tried to repaire it by using "Linux rescue" command but again same problem persists.
Vijay
Hi Vijay,
Please mention whole error message for which application it is giving "Authontication fail"
Example:
Jul 3 14:53:28 localhost postfix/smtp[8342]: 5C4219C57D: Authentication failed: SASL authentication failed; server mail.bigpond.com[144.140.90.10] said: 535 Authentication failed
Jul 3 14:53:28 localhost postfix/smtp[8343]: 45BF59C575: Authentication failed: SASL authentication failed; server mail.bigpond.com[144.140.90.10] said: 535 Authentication failed
"Authentication fail" message concern to specific application as like given above example.
You have to kill that application using following command:
Kill -9 application id
You can see application id using following command:
ps -ef |grep application name
Example:
ps -ef |grep squid
This command will show you id for this process
Kill - 9 3458
then give the command init 0 or shutdown
Reinstalling grub from single user mode:
1. Boot the system from an installation boot medium.
2. Type linux rescue at the installation boot prompt to enter the rescue environment.
3. Type chroot /mnt/sysimage to mount the root partition.
4. Type /sbin/grub-install /dev/hda to reinstall the GRUB boot loader, where /dev/hda is the boot partition.
5. Review the /boot/grub/grub.conf file, as additional entries may be needed for GRUB to control additional operating systems.
6. Reboot the system.
This is useful stuff, and having it handy can save you time you get into a bind.
How to change root password on suselinux...
If you have forgotten root password before modifying GRUB, here is a "super short howto set new root password if forgotten (SuSE specific)"
Step 1
disconnect computer form the network (you will work with root priviledges)
Step 2
Boot from your first install CD and press F1 at the first screen, then choose "Rescue System" from the menu and at the prompt type:
root (You do not need a password.)
Step 3
at the prompt:
# cd /etc
# vi passwd
Next, press "i"
look for root line (something like):
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
delete the "x" after "root:" leave the colons!
Now you should have something like:
root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
Save file and exit:
Press ESC then wq and enter
Next edit:
# vi shadow
Press ESC then "i"
root::::
If there is something after :::: press ESC then "x" to remove symbol under cursor
Save the file:
ESC next wq
reboot your computer, log in as your normal user, and from the console window enter:
$ su
# passwd
And set the new root password. Log out as root:
You just set a new root password.
If you have lost user password: lof in as a root and type
#passwd user_name
enter a new user password.
Linux Monitoring tools:
The top command.
The most common of these commands is top. The top will display a continually updating report of system resource usage.
# top
12:10:49 up 1 day, 3:47, 7 users, load average: 0.23, 0.19, 0.10
125 processes: 105 sleeping, 2 running, 18 zombie, 0 stopped
CPU states: 5.1% user 1.1% system 0.0% nice 0.0% iowait 93.6% idle
Mem: 512716k av, 506176k used, 6540k free, 0k shrd, 21888k buff
Swap: 1044216k av, 161672k used, 882544k free 199388k cached
PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM TIME CPU COMMAND
2330 root 15 0 161M 70M 2132 S 4.9 14.0 1000m 0 X
2605 weeksa 15 0 8240 6340 3804 S 0.3 1.2 1:12 0 kdeinit
3413 weeksa 15 0 6668 5324 3216 R 0.3 1.0 0:20 0 kdeinit
18734 root 15 0 1192 1192 868 R 0.3 0.2 0:00 0 top
1619 root 15 0 776 608 504 S 0.1 0.1 0:53 0 dhclient
1 root 15 0 480 448 424 S 0.0 0.0 0:03 0 init
2 root 15 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 0 keventd
3 root 15 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 0 kapmd
4 root 35 19 0 0 0 SWN 0.0 0.0 0:00 0 ksoftirqd_CPU0
9 root 25 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 0 bdflush
5 root 15 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 0 kswapd
The iostat command.
The iostat will display the current CPU load average and disk I/O information. This is a great command to monitor your disk I/O usage.
# iostat
Linux 2.4.20-24.9 (myhost) 12/23/2003
avg-cpu: %user %nice %sys %idle
62.09 0.32 2.97 34.62
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
dev3-0 2.22 15.20 47.16 1546846 4799520
For 2.4 kernels the devices is names using the device's major and minor number. In this case the device listed is /dev/hda. To have iostat print this out for you, use the -x.
# iostat -x
Linux 2.4.20-24.9 (myhost) 12/23/2003
avg-cpu: %user %nice %sys %idle
62.01 0.32 2.97 34.71
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
/dev/hdc 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.35 0.00 0.00 14.71
/dev/hda 1.13 4.50 .81 1.39 15.18 47.14 7.59 23.57 28.24 1.99 63.76 70.48 15.56
/dev/hda1 1.08 3.98 .73 1.27 14.49 42.05 7.25 21.02 28.22 0.44 21.82 4.97 1.00
/dev/hda2 0.00 0.51 .07 0.12 0.55 5.07 0.27 2.54 30.35 0.97 52.67 61.73 2.99
/dev/hda3 0.05 0.01 .02 0.00 0.14 0.02 0.07 0.01 8.51 0.
The ps command
The ps will provide you a list of processes currently running. There is a wide variety of options that this command gives you.
A common use would be to list all processes currently running. To do this you would use the ps -ef command. (Screen output from this command is too large to include, the following is only a partial output.)
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:03 init
root 2 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [keventd]
root 3 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kapmd]
root 4 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd_CPU0]
root 9 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [bdflush]
root 5 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd]
root 6 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kscand/DMA]
root 7 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:01:28 [kscand/Normal]
root 8 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kscand/HighMem]
root 10 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kupdated]
root 11 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [mdrecoveryd]
root 15 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:01 [kjournald]
root 81 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [khubd]
root 1188 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [kjournald]
root 1675 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 syslogd -m 0
root 1679 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 klogd -x
rpc 1707 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 portmap
root 1813 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
ntp 1847 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 ntpd -U ntp
root 1930 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 rpc.rquotad
root 1934 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1942 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [lockd]
root 1943 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod]
root 1949 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 rpc.mountd
root 1961 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
root 2057 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/spamd -d -c -a
root 2066 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 gpm -t ps/2 -m /dev/psaux
bin 2076 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cannaserver -syslog -u bin
root 2087 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 crond
daemon 2195 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/atd
root 2215 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:11 /usr/sbin/rcd
weeksa 3414 3413 0 Dec22 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
weeksa 4342 3413 0 Dec22 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
weeksa 19121 18668 0 12:58 pts/2 00:00
Dear Team,
We are facing lot of problems in Susi linux 9.0 in CBI with Acer Altos G320 server.
1) Date & time problem which every day we have to change in bios. Acer altos g320 servers.
2) Where could be the grub.conf file in susi linux 9.0.
Please provide solution as early as possiable.
With Regards,
Sarma.G
Sysnet Hyderabad
9849612592
Hi Shiva,
It looks like bios battery problem.
Firstly you have to change the bios battery on motherboard.
IF the problem still there after changing battery run the follwoing command carefully:-
to change the system time your have to give following command :
#date 07142157
in this command first 2 digit is for date
3 & 4 digit for date
5 & 6 for minute
7 & 8 for seconds
it will shows like this:
Sun Jul 14 21:57:00 EET DST 2007
For more detail read the following :
In suse Linux, the system time zone is determined by the symbolic link /etc/localtime. This link points to a time zone data file that describes the local time zone. The time zone data files are located at either /usr/lib/zoneinfo or /usr/share/zoneinfo depending on what distribution of Linux you use.
For example, on a SuSE system located in New Jersey the /etc/localtime link would point to /usr/share/zoneinfo/US/Eastern. On a Debian system the /etc/localtime link would point to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/US/Eastern.
If you fail to find the zoneinfo directory in either the /usr/lib or /usr/share directories, either do a find /usr -print | grep zoneinfo or consult your distribution's documentation.
What happens when you have a users located in a different timezone? A user can change his private time zone by setting the TZ environment variable. If it is unset, the system time zone is assumed. The syntax of the TZ variable is described in the tzset manual page.
The date command shows the current date and time. For example: $ date
Sun Jul 14 21:53:41 EET DST 1996
$
That time is Sunday, 14th of July, 1996, at about ten before ten at the evening, in the time zone called ``EET DST'' (which might be East European Daylight Savings Time). date can also show the universal time: $ date -u
Sun Jul 14 18:53:42 UTC 1996
$
date is also used to set the kernel's software clock: # date 07142157
Sun Jul 14 21:57:00 EET DST 1996
# date
Sun Jul 14 21:57:02 EET DST 1996
#
2...Grub file location on suse linux:
The actual configuration of GRUB is based on three files that are described below:
/boot/grub/menu.lst
This file contains all information about partitions or operating systems that can be booted with GRUB. Without this information, the system control cannot be passed to the operating system.
/boot/grub/device.map
This file translates device names from the GRUB and BIOS notation to Linux device names.
/etc/grub.conf
This file contains the parameters and options the GRUB shell needs for installing the boot loader correctly.
The file is called menu.lst. It is editable with any text editor. It is located in the /boot/grub/ directory. I would not edit this file directly unless you have really read a lot of documentation on how to boot with GRUB, because editing it is somewhat tricky. However, in SUSE 10.2 you can also edit this file more easily and effectively with YaST by going to System>Boot Loader in the menu. You can change the default to Windows if you like, and change to default time out from 30 seconds to 999 seconds if you like (in case it boots into the wrong operating system before you get to the keyboard). However, in my experience, the installation Repair tool on the SUSE 10.2 DVD does not work with GRUB (all previous versions did). If you lose GRUB in the MBR, you will have to repair it from the command-line
Thanks & Regards
Kanwal
9810539276
Free downloading fedora core 8 :
Please find enclosed here with the attached URL for downloading Fedora 8 CD/DVD :ISO
¬http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/download-fedora-core-8-cd-dvd-iso.html
Thanks & Regards
Kanwal
Sir
We have another Lipi 6306 printer in which problem is like when ever we give print from IBM server (red hat 8.0) then it prints mixed alphabets and when we take printing on any DMP(TVSE MSP 355 or MSP 255) then printing is ok from same server using same LP cable.
on the other hand if we take printing from other PC on the same line printer then printing is ok.
So is this some OS problem or Line printer problem ?
Please guide.
Regards.
Pankaj Batra.
batra786@yahoo.co.in
Dear Pankaj,
This is emulation problem of line printer.
You have to change the emulation of line printer to IBM Pro
Thanks & Regards
Kanwal
Sir
I am facing another problem when i install red hat 8.0 on Acer PC then on starting startx then all display is fine but when i open mozila browser then it is shown graphically distored and menus and address bar cant be seen.
I even tried to switch KDE also then also same problem,I even tried installing OS again also but same problem.
Please guide.
Regards.
Pankaj Batra.
Hi Pankaj,
You have to install update version of Mozila RPM ( you can download this RPM from following URL www.mozilla.com/firefox.
Or even you can use another inbuilt linux Browser named KONQUEOR. You can open this browser from giving path:
Tool > Extra > Internet >Konqueror web browser.
AS per our telephonic discussion you can use opera also.
Thanks & Regards
Kanwal
Hi Pankaj,
You have to install update version of Mozila RPM ( you can download this RPM from following URL www.mozilla.com/firefox.
Or even you can use another inbuilt linux Browser named KONQUEOR. You can open this browser from giving path:
Tool > Extra > Internet >Konqueror web browser.
AS per our telephonic discussion you can use opera also.
Thanks & Regards
Kanwal
Ya Sir i used both Konqueror and opera.
And the rpm for opera can be downloaded from the following links
Opera for red hat 8
http://www.microrpm.ca/pub/opera/linux/925/final/en/i386/static/opera-9.25-20071214.1-static-qt.i386-en.rpm
For suse linux 9, 9.1 , 9.2 , 9.3 AND red hat enterprise 4
http://www.microrpm.ca/pub/opera/linux/925/final/en/i386/shared/opera-9.25-20071214.5-shared-qt.i386-en.rpm
And in LIC on suse linux when they open thier intranet sites then in suse 9.0 hindi fonts are not visible. So by using opera this problem can be solved.
Thanks & Regards.
Dear Naresh,
Pls run following commands to see the details for linux kernel versions
1- uname -r --> kernel version
2- uname -a --> whole details with host name,kernel version,release date etc
Sir
I have recd. HCL server GLobaline for AMRITSAR 1 branch from TSG and it have pre installed red hat 8 and when i tried to configure NFS, I got the problem,
I copied /etc/eports from previous backup and then give command /usr/sbin/exportfs -av
But it jus hangs and dont exports.
Please provide solution.
As SLR 7 of server also not working and backup of branch is very difficult.
Regards.
Pankaj Batra.
LIC- Amritsar Division
Dear pankaj,
you make entries in export file on server side:
name_of_the_directory_to_be_mounted give space *(ro,sync,root_squash)
after making entries make sure that the follwing services are running by using chkconfig service_name --list command:
1-portmap
2-nfslock
3-nfs
then check rpc service are running by using rpcinfo -p command
if all are running then run command: service nfs restart
after that run exportfs command to export directories.
client side
run command
mount -t nfs server_ip:/dir.name mount_point(where you want to mount )
and take care about don't make entries of subdirectories of a directory which is all-ready mounted.
Thanks
Hi,
Problem Facing when taking backup in Linux
this problem is facing by our engineer Mr. Azad at LIC kernal branch.There was error coming when taking backup and after running backup approx. 5-10 minutes, backup is stopped with error of 10262 K byte limit,however size of SLR is 20/40GB. After diagnostics, found SCSI cable is faulty.
So be careful when u find error as above.
Thanks
Dear All,
Find the video link for Installation process of google earth on liunx machin.
link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brUj0u6s3wo
Dear All
FTP server connection error
At Central Bank of India(CBI)ZO, bhopal.
problem is found by our engineer at bhopal branch after installing the mail software at CBI, connection is failed for FTP.
I dignosed That the user permissions changed by the software, after giving permissions to the users it is working fine.
So pls. care about this type of problems.
Thanks
Rajeev
Dear All,
Engineers posted at LIC are facing a frequent problem in Linux Server after migration from RHL8.0 to RHEL4.0.
The error is:-
CPU 0:The Temperature is above threshhold
CPU 0 : running on modulated clock mode
Solution
Do cleaning of CPU fans, heatsinks, and check for all fan in server working porperly and temperature of server room. This is only reason for this problem.
Thanks
Rajeev
Dear All,
Problem in Installation Of Linux
As problem found in IBM server at LIC ajmer branch.
When installing linux OS in Servers, all engineers must care about, if there is hanging problem during installation you disable onboard LAN,SCSI one by one and check which device is faulty.
Regards
Rajeev
What excellent words
I apologise, but, in my opinion, you commit an error. I can defend the position. Write to me in PM, we will communicate.
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